[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":213},["ShallowReactive",2],{"example-annual-yield-en":3,"faq-annual-yield-en":127,"sources-annual-yield-en":152,"location-compare-52.52,13.405":158},{"input":4,"output":12},{"location":5,"systemKwp":6,"tiltDeg":7,"azimuthDeg":8,"mounting":9,"lifetimeYears":10,"valuePerKwhCt":11},"52.52,13.405",10,35,0,"roof",25,30,{"annualKwhYear1":13,"annualYieldKwh":13,"specificYieldKwhPerKwp":14,"computedPerformanceRatio":15,"p90AnnualKwhYear1":16,"yearlyKwh":17,"lifetimeKwh":42,"lifetimeKwhNaive":43,"degradationLossPercent":44,"finalYearKwh":41,"warrantyMinPercent":45,"expectedPercent":71,"warrantyBreachYear":97,"warrantyMinFinalKwh":98,"annualValueEur":99,"lifetimeValueEur":100,"horizonApplied":101,"calibrationFactorAnnual":102,"steps":103,"warnings":119},9948.307064942273,994.8307064942273,0.7606679009273366,9166.139919400008,[13,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41],9898.565529617563,9849.072701969473,9799.827338459627,9750.828201767328,9702.074060758492,9653.5636904547,9605.295872002425,9557.269392642414,9509.4830456792,9461.935630450806,9414.625952298553,9367.552822537058,9320.715058424372,9274.111483132252,9227.740925716591,9181.602221088007,9135.694209982566,9090.015738932654,9044.56566023799,8999.342831936801,8954.346117777117,8909.574387188231,8865.026515252288,8820.701382676029,234341.8378359251,248707.67662355682,5.776194359040954,[46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70],99,98.5,98,97.5,97,96.5,96,95.5,95,94.5,94,93.5,93,92.5,92,91.5,91,90.5,90,89.5,89,88.5,88,87.5,87,[72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96],100,99.5,99.0025,98.5074875,98.01495006249999,97.5248753121875,97.03725093562656,96.55206468094842,96.06930435754369,95.58895783575596,95.11101304657718,94.6354579813443,94.16228069143757,93.69146928798038,93.22301194154049,92.75689688183279,92.29311239742361,91.8316468354365,91.37248860125932,90.91562615825302,90.46104802746176,90.00874278732445,89.55869907338783,89.11090557802088,88.66535105013078,null,8655.027146499779,2984.4921194826825,70302.55135077753,true,0.9218157139195722,[104,109,112,116],{"label":105,"expression":106,"value":13,"unit":107,"provenance":108},"tmyEnergySimulation","Σ_8760h P_STC · G_eff\u002F1000 · η_rel(Huld) · η_sys, T_m Faiman(roof)","kWh","measured",{"label":110,"expression":111,"value":16,"unit":107,"provenance":108},"exceedanceBands","P50\u002FP90(n = 19, ref 35°)",{"label":113,"expression":114,"value":42,"unit":107,"provenance":115},"degradationSum","Σ (1-0.005)^(t-1), t = 1..25 = 23.556","assumed",{"label":117,"expression":118,"value":98,"unit":107,"provenance":108},"warrantyCurve","min(t): 99.0 % → 87 % @ 25 a",[120],{"level":121,"code":122,"params":123,"anchors":125},"warning","SNOW_NOT_MODELLED",{"months":124},"1",[126],"tiltDeg",[128,131,134,137,140,143,146,149],{"q":129,"a":130},"How many kWh does a 10 kWp system deliver per year?","In Berlin at 35° tilt, facing south, roof-mounted: around 10,000 kWh in year one — about 1,000 kWh per kWp. The number comes from the hourly simulation with module temperature, low-light and reflection losses for your grid point, not from a rule of thumb. Sunnier sites in the south of the DACH region reach 1,100–1,150 kWh per kWp.",{"q":132,"a":133},"Why does the calculator build degradation into the lifetime total?","Because a system does not deliver its as-new value for 25 years. At the median rate of 0.5% power loss per year (Jordan & Kurtz 2013), about 6% of the naive total \"25 × year one\" is missing over 25 years — one and a half years of output for a 10 kWp system. The reference: 20 operating years deliver 19.08 times year one, not 20 times.",{"q":135,"a":136},"What does the warranty checker do?","It translates the power warranty from the module datasheet (e.g. \"87% after 25 years, 1% in the first year, then linear\") into a minimum-yield curve for your site. You see the annual yield you may expect at minimum under warranty — around 8,700 kWh in year 25 for 10 kWp in Berlin — and the measured shortfall that justifies a claim. If even the expected path falls below the warranty, the calculator warns you: the assumed degradation is then higher than the manufacturer guarantees.",{"q":138,"a":139},"What does the P90 value in year one mean?","Your system reaches that yield in 9 out of 10 weather years — computed from the 19 real years (2005–2023) in the dataset. For financing, P90 is the dependable number: in Berlin it sits about 8% below the expected value. A single dull year is not a system fault — it is priced in.",{"q":141,"a":142},"Does sizing follow the first or the last operating year?","Both, depending on the question: inverter and grid connection are sized for year one (highest output), economics and self-sufficiency for the average — and anyone who still needs to cover a load at the end of the term (say an EV) works with the final year: at 0.5%\u002Fa that is still about 89% of the initial value. The calculator reports all three.",{"q":144,"a":145},"Where do the numbers come from, and how accurate are they?","Year one runs through the same calculation chain as the monthly output calculator — cross-validated against PVGIS PVcalc at four reference sites (annual total within 1.7%, deliberately slightly conservative because the PVGIS spectral correction is not freely available). The degradation maths is a closed-form geometric series, tested against the specification's reference calculation.",{"q":147,"a":148},"What degradation rate should I enter?","The default of 0.5% per year is the field-study median (Jordan & Kurtz, NREL) and fits classic PERC glass-foil modules. Modern datasheets guarantee better: TOPCon typically 0.40% per year (often stated as \"87.4% after 30 years\"), heterojunction down to 0.25%, glass-glass builds at the low end. Fraunhofer ISE field measurements often find only ~0.15% in practice. Honest advice: for planning, enter the warranty rate of your chosen module — for the economics, keep the conservative 0.5%.",{"q":150,"a":151},"Does this calculator work outside Germany, Austria and Switzerland?","Not yet. The hourly grid currently covers the DACH region (1,155 grid points at 0.25°). For other regions the official tools are the best choice: NREL PVWatts for the United States, or PVGIS by the European Commission — this calculator is cross-validated against PVGIS. A US grid built on NSRDB hourly data is in preparation, with the same degradation and warranty analysis.",[153],{"name":154,"url":155,"retrievedAt":156,"version":157},"JRC Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS), European Commission — endpoints tmy, MRcalc, printhorizon","https:\u002F\u002Fre.jrc.ec.europa.eu\u002Fpvg_tools\u002F","2026-07-30","PVGIS API v5_3, solar radiation database PVGIS-SARAH3",[159,166,172,178,184,189,195,201,207],{"name":160,"slug":161,"distanceKm":162,"annualPsh":163,"p90KwhM2":164,"bestTiltDeg":165},"Berlin","de-berlin",1,3.5831189617880312,1207.886,40,{"name":167,"slug":168,"distanceKm":169,"annualPsh":170,"p90KwhM2":171,"bestTiltDeg":165},"Oranienburg","de-oranienburg",19,3.503000720980533,1193.894,{"name":173,"slug":174,"distanceKm":175,"annualPsh":176,"p90KwhM2":177,"bestTiltDeg":7},"Blankenfelde-Mahlow","de-blankenfelde-mahlow",20,3.5798803172314346,1197.9479999999999,{"name":179,"slug":180,"distanceKm":181,"annualPsh":182,"p90KwhM2":183,"bestTiltDeg":165},"Potsdam","de-potsdam",22,3.5934405191059837,1215.032,{"name":185,"slug":186,"distanceKm":181,"annualPsh":187,"p90KwhM2":188,"bestTiltDeg":7},"Bernau","de-bernau",3.520992069214132,1209.374,{"name":190,"slug":191,"distanceKm":192,"annualPsh":193,"p90KwhM2":194,"bestTiltDeg":165},"Ludwigsfelde","de-ludwigsfelde",26,3.642096611391492,1218.8539999999998,{"name":196,"slug":197,"distanceKm":198,"annualPsh":199,"p90KwhM2":200,"bestTiltDeg":165},"Königs Wusterhausen","de-koenigs-wusterhausen",29,3.569196827685653,1203.042,{"name":202,"slug":203,"distanceKm":204,"annualPsh":205,"p90KwhM2":206,"bestTiltDeg":165},"Strausberg","de-strausberg",33,3.62602451333814,1231.65,{"name":208,"slug":209,"distanceKm":210,"annualPsh":211,"p90KwhM2":212,"bestTiltDeg":165},"Eberswalde","de-eberswalde",45,3.5717015140591206,1227.4499999999998,1786101751574]